ABSTRACT
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common clinical syndrome in intensive care unit. Sepsis is a clinical syndrome, which is with life-threatening organ function damage caused by infection. As an important part of local microcirculation, the structure of alveolar-capillary membrane is easily damaged in the course of sepsis. So sepsis is the most prime and important inducing factor of ARDS, and it has higher mortality and fatality. As an important constitution of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) has the function of protecting endothelium and regulating the expression of inflammatory factors, so it has received additional attention in recent years. Through the intervention of ACE-2, ARDS and the severity of COVID- 19 can be affected to a certain extent, so the role of ACE-2 in septic ARDS is worth discussing. This paper summarizes the biological characteristics and main mechanism of ACE-2, discusses the possible role of ACE-2 in septic ARDS, and finally explores the significance of ACE-2 in the evaluation and treatment of septic ARDS, in order to provide reference and inspiration for clinical treatment of sepsis-related ARDS.
ABSTRACT
The new coronavirus illness (COVID-19) produced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has swiftly grown into a global epidemic. Hypertension has been identified as the most common cardiovascular comorbidity in COVID-19 patients, and it has been shown to increase the risk of hospitalization and mortality. Initial research suggested that renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors might raise the likelihood of viral infection and worsen illness severity, generating concern considering the global prevalence of hypertension. Nonetheless, further research supported the use of antihypertensive medicines, noting that they do not worsen the severity of COVID-19 infection in hypertensive individuals, but may have a favorable impact. To yet, the specific mechanism through which hypertension predisposes to adverse outcomes in COVID-19 individuals is unclear. In this study, we discuss the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hypertension, as well as probable causes, with an emphasis on the dual roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in COVID-19 and hypertension. The effects of pro-inflammatory factors released by the immune system and gastrointestinal dysfunction in COVID-19 are also discussed, as well as how to manage hypertension with covid-19.
ABSTRACT
As an important component of kallikrein-kinin system(KKS), plasma kallikrein(pKal) is involved in inflammation process via KKS, complement system and renin-angiotensin system(RAS)and plays an important role in angioedema(HAE), rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19). pKal maybe a therapeutic target against inflammatory diseases, and pKal inhibitors are being researched and developed for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases such as HAE and RA, and may also be new agents for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.